As summer temperatures rise across many parts of the world, more people are depending on air conditioners to stay cool. While air conditioning helps protect people from extreme heat, it can also affect the body if used for long periods or poorly maintained.
Air conditioners work by removing heat and moisture from indoor air and releasing the heat outside. Warm air enters the unit, passes over cold coils filled with refrigerant, and is cooled before being blown back into the room.
The modern air conditioner is credited to American engineer Willis Carrier, who designed a humidity-control system in 1902. Air conditioning later became widely available in homes and offices after mass production expanded in the 20th century.
Health experts warn that while cooling systems reduce the risk of heat-related illnesses, they can also cause some problems:
Dry skin and irritated eyes: AC removes moisture from the air, which may lead to dryness and discomfort.
Headaches: Cold, dry environments and dehydration can trigger headaches.
Dry nose and throat: Low humidity can cause throat irritation and nasal dryness.
Breathing problems: Dirty filters may spread dust, mould and bacteria, worsening respiratory issues.
Muscle stiffness: Cold air may cause muscles to tighten, especially around the neck and shoulders.
Experts recommend cleaning AC filters regularly, drinking enough water, avoiding direct airflow on the body, and keeping indoor temperatures comfortable.
During extreme heat, people are advised to stay hydrated, avoid direct sunlight during the hottest hours, wear light clothing, and seek cooler environments when necessary.
Heatstroke remains one of the most dangerous effects of extreme heat. Symptoms include high body temperature, rapid heartbeat, dehydration and nausea, and it requires urgent medical attention.
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