US Indicts Cuba’s Raúl Castro Over 1996 Shootdown of Civilian Aircraft

The United States has indicted former Cuban President Raúl Castro over his alleged role in the 1996 downing of two civilian aircraft operated by the exile group Brothers to the Rescue, marking a major escalation in long-standing tensions between Washington and Havana.

The indictment, unsealed by US federal prosecutors on Wednesday, accuses Castro—who was Cuba’s defence minister at the time—of participating in a conspiracy linked to the decision to shoot down the aircraft over the Florida Strait on February 24, 1996.

Prosecutors charged him with conspiracy to kill US nationals, four counts of murder, and destruction of aircraft. Five additional Cuban officials were also named in the case. The attack killed four people and has remained a major source of diplomatic friction for nearly three decades.

US officials say the victims were unarmed civilians involved in humanitarian efforts to locate and assist Cuban migrants attempting to cross the sea to Florida. Cuba has previously argued that the aircraft violated its airspace.

Speaking at the announcement, US officials said the case reflects a commitment to accountability, arguing that individuals responsible for killing American citizens must face justice regardless of time passed or political position.

Cuba’s current leadership rejected the indictment, calling it a political move aimed at increasing pressure on Havana. President Miguel Díaz-Canel described the charges as “political theatre” and accused Washington of manipulating historical events.

Analysts say the timing of the indictment is linked to broader US pressure on Cuba, including ongoing negotiations, intelligence activity, and growing concerns about regional security.

The move comes on a symbolic date marking Cuban independence, further intensifying the political message behind Washington’s decision.

Observers warn the indictment could deepen tensions further and complicate already stalled diplomatic relations between the two countries, with some analysts suggesting it may strengthen hardline positions in Havana rather than encourage compromise.

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