As Iranian and United States officials move closer to a possible peace agreement, Iran is simultaneously marking the anniversary of a violent 12-day war with Israel that took place in June 2025.
The commemorations in Tehran this week coincide with renewed diplomatic efforts aimed at converting a fragile ceasefire into a broader peace and cooperation agreement between Iran and the United States.
Officials in both Tehran and Washington have indicated that progress has been made in negotiations, with a deal reportedly close, although final details have not yet been confirmed.
War anniversary and national remembrance
Across Iranian cities, state-backed ceremonies are being held to honour senior military commanders and scientists killed during last year’s conflict. Among those remembered are high-ranking figures such as Mohammad Bagheri, former chief of staff of Iran’s armed forces, Hossein Salami, the former commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and Ali Akbar Hajizadeh, a senior aerospace official.
State media and public displays have portrayed the deceased as national heroes and “martyrs” in line with Iran’s ideological narrative of resistance.
Universities are also hosting commemorations for nuclear scientists killed during the same conflict, which Iranian authorities describe as part of a broader campaign of foreign aggression.
Heavy losses and ongoing conflict narrative
According to Iranian government figures, more than 1,000 people were killed in the 12-day US-Israeli bombing campaign, including civilians and children. In the ongoing conflict with US and Israeli forces, authorities say at least 3,468 people have died, nearly half of them civilians.
Iranian officials argue that despite these losses, the country has maintained its sovereignty and strategic position.
Political messaging and resistance rhetoric
Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Iran’s position during negotiations reflects its refusal to accept demands that undermine its sovereignty, including proposals to halt uranium enrichment.
He stated that resistance, not diplomacy alone, led to the escalation of conflict, adding that Iran would continue to stand firm against external pressure.
Other senior officials have echoed similar views, describing Iran’s recent military operations as a demonstration of strength against its adversaries.
Economic and strategic claims
Iranian officials also claim the country has strengthened its position in the region, including greater influence over the Strait of Hormuz, a key global oil shipping route.
Some officials argue that Iran’s resilience over the past year has shifted the regional balance of power in its favour.
Debate over possible US-Iran agreement
As negotiations continue, reports suggest an interim agreement could be finalised in the coming days. However, internal divisions remain within Iran’s political establishment.
Hardline factions have criticised leaked details of the proposed deal, arguing it could involve unacceptable concessions, including issues related to frozen Iranian assets, nuclear restrictions, and maritime control in the Gulf.
Others, including more moderate voices, argue that reaching even a limited agreement may be necessary to prevent further escalation and economic damage.
Uncertain future
While diplomatic momentum appears to be building, officials and analysts note that major obstacles remain, and the final outcome is still uncertain.
Iranian leaders continue to frame the current moment as both a test of national resilience and a continuation of a broader struggle over sovereignty and regional influence.
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