Africa is advancing one of the world's largest environmental restoration initiatives through the Great Green Wall, an ambitious project stretching about 8,000 kilometres across the Sahel region from Senegal on the Atlantic coast to Djibouti on the Red Sea.
Launched by the African Union in 2007, the initiative was originally envisioned as a continuous belt of trees to halt the spread of the Sahara Desert. Over time, the project evolved into a broader landscape restoration programme focused on reviving forests, grasslands, wetlands, and farmland using solutions tailored to local ecosystems.
The Great Green Wall aims to restore degraded land, combat desertification, improve food security, create employment, and help communities adapt to climate change. It also seeks to strengthen biodiversity, improve soil fertility, increase water retention, and enhance agricultural productivity across the climate-vulnerable Sahel region.
By 2030, the project hopes to restore 100 million hectares of degraded land, capture 250 million tonnes of carbon dioxide, create 10 million green jobs, and improve livelihoods for millions of people.
More than 20 African countries, supported by international organisations and development partners, are participating in the initiative. Countries such as Senegal, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Niger have already restored significant areas through tree planting, natural regeneration, and sustainable land management practices.
According to recent assessments, approximately 30 million hectares of land have already been restored. However, experts say achieving the project's 2030 targets will require increased funding, stronger regional cooperation, and improved security in conflict-affected areas.
Widely regarded as one of the world's most ambitious ecosystem restoration programmes, the Great Green Wall demonstrates how environmental conservation can be combined with economic development, offering a model for tackling climate change while improving livelihoods across Africa.
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