Abdullahi ɗan Manzon Allah ﷺ

Abdullahi رضي الله عنه yana daga cikin ’ya’yan Annabi Muhammad ﷺ da Khadija bint Khuwaylid رضي الله عنها. Malaman tarihi sun bayyana cewa an haife shi ne a Makka, kafin Hijira, kuma ya rasu yana ƙarami.

Sunansa da laƙabansa

An fi saninsa da Abdullahi. Wasu ruwayoyi da littattafan sīra sun ambace shi da At-Tayyib da At-Tahir.

Sai dai akwai saɓanin malamai game da wannan batu: wasu sun ɗauki At-Tayyib da At-Tahir a matsayin laƙaban Abdullahi, yayin da wasu suka ce sunaye ne da aka yi amfani da su wajen ambaton wani daga cikin ’ya’yan Annabi ﷺ. Saboda haka, bai kamata a gabatar da wannan batu a matsayin abin da babu saɓani a kai ba.

Abdullahi رضي الله عنه bai yi tsawon rai ba. Ya rasu yana ƙarami a Makka, kafin Hijirar Annabi ﷺ zuwa Madina.

Saboda ƙarancin shekarunsa, babu tarihin da ya nuna cewa ya shiga manyan abubuwan da suka faru bayan fara aikin Annabci, kuma ba a san cewa ya riƙa koyarwa ko bayar da ruwayoyin hadisi ba.

Ba a da ingantaccen bayani da ya ƙayyade ainihin ranar haihuwarsa ko shekarunsa lokacin rasuwa. Abin da aka fi sani shi ne cewa ya rasu tun yana ƙarami, a lokacin da iyalan Annabi ﷺ suke Makka.

Shin shi ne ɗan da aka ce “Al-Tayyib” da “Al-Tahir”?

A nan ne ake samun ruɗani. Wasu littattafan sīra suna lissafa:

> Al-Qasim, Abdullahi, Zainab, Ruqayya, Ummu Kulthum, Fatima, da Ibrahim رضي الله عنهم.

Wasu kuma suna cewa At-Tayyib da At-Tahir laƙabobi ne na Abdullahi. Saboda haka, idan aka ga jerin da ya nuna Annabi ﷺ yana da ƙarin ’ya’ya masu suna At-Tayyib da At-Tahir, ba lallai ba ne su kasance mutane biyu daban; sau da yawa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin laƙabobi.

Yawan ’ya’yan Annabi ﷺ

Mafi shahararren bayani shi ne Annabi Muhammad ﷺ yana da ’ya’ya bakwai:

1. Al-Qasim رضي الله عنه

2. Zainab رضي الله عنها

3. Ruqayya رضي الله عنها

4. Ummu Kulthum رضي الله عنها

5. Fatima Az-Zahra رضي الله عنها

6. Abdullahi رضي الله عنه

7. Ibrahim رضي الله عنه

Al-Qasim da Abdullahi sun rasu a Makka tun suna ƙanana. Ibrahim, wanda Mariya Al-Qibtiyya رضي الله عنها ta haifa, shi ma ya rasu yana ƙarami a Madina.

Muhimmin darasi daga rayuwarsa

Rayuwar Abdullahi رضي الله عنه ta kasance gajera sosai, amma tana nuna cewa darajar mutum a Musulunci ba ta dogara da tsawon rayuwarsa ba. Shi ɗan Manzon Allah ﷺ ne, amma ba mu da dogon tarihin rayuwarsa saboda ya rasu tun yana ƙarami.

Haka kuma, mutuwar ’ya’yansa ƙanana ta kasance cikin jarabawar da Annabi Muhammad ﷺ ya fuskanta. Wannan yana nuna yadda Annabi ﷺ ya kasance mutum mai haƙuri yayin fuskantar rashi da baƙin ciki.

Bayanai da yawa game da Abdullahi رضي الله عنه ba su da yawa a cikin ingantattun hadisai; saboda haka ya fi kyau a bambanta tsakanin abin da sahihin hadisi ya tabbatar da abin da littattafan sīra suka rawaito.

Me ya sa imam malik ya kasance yana girmama hadisin Manzon Allah ﷺ sosai?

Imam Malik رحمه الله ya kasance yana matuƙar girmama Hadisin Manzon Allah ﷺ saboda ya fahimci girman matsayin Annabi ﷺ da darajar maganganunsa da koyarwarsa. 

A wurinsa, Hadisin Annabi ﷺ ba magana ce ta yau da kullum ba; magana ce da ta fito daga Manzon Allah ﷺ, wanda Allah Ya aiko domin ya koyar da mutane addini.

An ruwaito cewa idan Imam Malik zai karanta ko ya koyar da Hadisi, yakan yi wanka, ya sanya tufafi masu kyau, ya zauna cikin nutsuwa da kamala, domin nuna girmamawa ga maganar Manzon Allah ﷺ.

Haka kuma, ya kasance mai tsananin taka-tsantsan wajen riwayar Hadisi. Ba ya son a jingina wa Manzon Allah ﷺ abin da bai faɗa ba, saboda ya san cewa ƙarya ko kuskure wajen danganta magana ga Annabi ﷺ abu ne mai matuƙar hatsari.

Imam Malik ya kuma fahimci cewa Hadisi yana bayyana mana yadda ake fahimtar Alƙur’ani da yadda ake gudanar da rayuwa bisa koyarwar Musulunci. Saboda haka, ya haɗa ilimin Hadisi da aiki da ladabi da tsoron Allah.

Saboda haka

Daga halin Imam Malik رحمه الله za mu koya cewa idan muna karanta ko jin Hadisin Manzon Allah ﷺ, ya kamata mu kasance da ladabi da nutsuwa da girmamawa da ƙoƙarin aiki da abin da muka koya.

Allah Madaukakin sarki Ya Kara mana ƙaunar Manzon Allah ﷺ..

Wace ce Ummu Ayman (Barakah bint Tha'labah) (RA)?

Ummu Ayman (Barakah bint Tha'labah) (RA) tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun Sahabban Manzon Allah ﷺ mata. 

An san ta da tsantsar imaninta da biyayyarta ga Allah da Manzonsa, da kuma kulawar da ta yi wa Annabi Muhammad ﷺ tun yana ƙarami.

Ta kasance mace Baḥabashiya (daga ƙasar Habasha), wadda take hidima a gidan mahaifan Annabi ﷺ, wato Abdullahi da Aminah (RA).

- Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarsa, Aminah (AS), lokacin da Annabi ﷺ yake da shekara shida, Ummu Ayman ce ta ci gaba da kula da shi. Saboda wannan kusanci, Manzon Allah ﷺ ya kasance yana kiranta da "Mahaifiyata bayan mahaifiyata."

- Tana cikin mutanen farko da suka karɓi Musulunci, kuma ta kasance mai juriya da haƙuri a lokacin tsanantawar da Musulmai suka fuskanta a farkon Musulunci.

- Manzon Allah ﷺ ya 'yanta ta daga bauta, sannan ya taimaka wajen aurar da ita. 

Mijinta na farko shi ne Ubaid ibn Zayd, wanda suka haifi ɗa mai suna Ayman, daga nan aka fara kiranta Ummu Ayman (ma'ana: mahaifiyar Ayman). 

Bayan rasuwar Ubaid, ta auri Zayd ibn Harithah, kuma sun haifi Usama ibn Zayd (RA), ɗaya daga cikin sahabban da Manzon Allah ﷺ ya fi so.

- Ta halarci wasu yaƙe-yaƙen Musulunci, kamar Yaƙin Uhudu, inda take ba mayaƙa ruwa tare da kula da waɗanda suka ji rauni.

Bayan wafatin Manzon Allah ﷺ, Ummu Ayman ta yi kuka sosai. Da aka tambaye ta dalili, sai ta ce ba don ba ta san cewa kowa zai mutu ba ne, sai dai tana kuka ne saboda wahayi daga Allah ya tsaya bayan wafatin Manzon Allah ﷺ.

Ummu Ayman (RA) ta kasance abin koyi na imani da haƙuri, sadaukarwa da ƙaunar Manzon Allah ﷺ. Musulmai suna girmama ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mata masu daraja a tarihin Musulunci.

Ƙasar Saudi Arabiya ta gano wani rubutun dutse da ke ɗauke da sunan Halifa Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA)

Hukumar Tarihi ta Ƙasar Saudiyya ta sanar da gano wani rubutun dutse da ke ɗauke da sunan Halifa Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) yayin binciken kayan tarihi a yankin Madina.

Hukumar ta bayyana wannan ganowar a matsayin wani muhimmin ci gaba a tarihin kayan gargajiya na addinin Musulunci na farkon zamani a ƙasar.

A cewar hukumar, rubutun yana daga cikin binciken kayan tarihi 1,774 da aka gano a mataki na farko da na biyu na wani babban bincike a gundumar Al-Mahd.

Kungiyoyin masu bincike sun kuma gano wurare 173 na tarihi da ba a taɓa sani ba a baya ba, abin da ke nuna irin dumbin tarihin da yankin ke da shi.

Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano akwai zane-zanen dutse da ke ɗauke da sunan Umar ibn al-Khattab, wanda shi ne Halifa na biyu a tarihin Musulunci, tare da wasu tsofaffin waƙoƙin Larabci da aka sassaka a duwatsu.

Hukumar ta ce binciken ya kuma haɗa da zane-zanen dutse 1,259 da rubuce-rubucen Musulunci 461 da rubuce-rubucen Samudawa 34 da gine-ginen dutse 11 da fadoji uku da alamomin hanyoyin kasuwanci biyu da da rijiyoyi huɗu.

Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA), sahabin Annabi Muhammad (SAW), ya shugabanci al’ummar Musulmi daga shekara ta 634 zuwa 644 miladiyya, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yaɗuwar daular Musulunci ta farko.

Hijirar Annabi Muhammad ﷺ daga Makka zuwa Madina.

Hijira tana nufin ƙaura daga wuri zuwa wani don neman tsira, aminci ko damar ibada. A tarihin Musulunci, Hijirar Annabi Muhammad ﷺ daga garin Makka zuwa Madina tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka canja tafarkin Musulunci gaba ɗaya.

Dalilin Hijira:

A Makka, Musulmi sun fuskanci tsanani da matsin lamba daga mushrikai. An yi musu:

Tsangwama da azabtarwa

Hana su yin ibada cikin walwala

Takar da Annabi ﷺ da sahabbansa

Tilasta wasu barin addininsu.

Saboda haka, Allah Ya umarci Annabi ﷺ da yin hijira domin kare addini da rayuwar Musulmi.

Yadda Hijira ta faru:

Annabi Muhammad ﷺ ya bar Makka cikin shiri mai hikima tare da sahabinsa Abubakar (RA). Sun ɓuya a kogon Thaur na wasu kwanaki domin gujewa masu bin su. Daga nan suka nufi Madina cikin sirri da tsari.

Karɓuwa a Madina:

Lokacin da suka isa Madina, mutanen Ansar (mazauna Madina) suka tarbe su da farin ciki, soyayya da taimako. Wannan ya nuna haɗin kai tsakanin Musulmi na Makka (Muhajirun) da na Madina (Ansar).

Muhimmancin Hijira:

Hijira ta zama tushe mai girma a Musulunci saboda:

Kafa ƙasa ta farko ta Musulunci a Madina

Gina masallaci na farko (Masjid an-Nabawi)

Kafa tsarin zamantakewa da adalci

Ƙarfafa al’umma ta Musulmi

Tushen kalandar Musulunci (Hijriyya).

A Madina, Annabi ﷺ ya kafa al’umma ta Musulmi mai ƙarfi, ya kuma gina masallaci, tare da kafa tsarin zaman lafiya da adalci tsakanin mutane daban-daban.

Hijira ta zama tushen kalandar Musulunci (Hijriyya), kuma tana nuna muhimmancin juriya, imani, da dogaro ga Allah a lokacin wahala.

Darussa daga Hijira:

Hakuri da juriya a lokacin wahala

Dogaro ga Allah a kowane hali

Muhimmancin haɗin kai da taimakon juna

Yin shiri da hikima wajen fuskantar matsaloli.

Hijirar Annabi ﷺ ba kawai ƙaura ba ce, face juyin juya hali ne da ya kafa ginshiƙan Musulunci a duniya baki ɗaya.

Tarihin Salman al-Farisi (Sahabin Manzon Allah (S.AW))

Salman al-Farisi yana daga cikin manyan sahabbai masu daraja. Labarinsa yana nuna yadda mutum zai nemi gaskiya har ya same ta, komai wahala.

Farkon Rayuwarsa.

An haifi Salman a ƙasar Fārisa (Iran a halin yanzu), kuma iyayensa masu bautar wuta ne, Mahaifinsa yana son shi sosai, har ma yana hana shi fita domin tsoron kada ya lalace.

Amma wata rana, Salman ya ji ana karanta addinin Kirista, sai ya ji sha’awa sosai. Ya fara bincike, har ya bar gidansu domin neman ilimin gaskiya.

Salman ya yi tafiya daga malamai zuwa malamai a cikin addinin Kirista. Duk lokacin da malami ya rasu, yana gaya masa cewa ya je wurin wani mafi nagarta.

A ƙarshe, wani malami ya gaya masa cewa:

> “Lokacin zuwan wani Annabi ya kusa. Kuma zai fito ne a ƙasar Larabawa.”

Zamansa Bawa.

A hanyarsa zuwa Larabawa, wasu mutane sun yaudare shi suka sayar da shi a matsayin bawa. Daga baya ya isa Madinah, inda aka sayar da shi ga wani Yahudi.

Haɗuwa da Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W).

Da zuwan manzon Allah (S.A.W) Madinah, Salman ya tuna alamomin Annabi (S.A.W) da aka gaya masa:

Yana karɓar sadaka amma ba ya cin ta

Yana karɓar kyauta

A bayansa akwai hatimin annabci

Salman ya tabbatar da waɗannan alamomi, sai ya karɓi Musulunci.

Hikimarsa a Yaƙi.

A lokacin Battle of the Trench, Salman ne ya ba da shawarar a haƙa rami (khandaq) domin kare Madinah — wata dabara daga ƙasarsu ta Fāris. Wannan ya taimaka sosai wajen nasarar Musulmi.

Darasi daga Labarinsa.

Neman gaskiya yana buƙatar haƙuri da sadaukarwa

Allah yana shiryar da wanda yake gaskiya cikin zuciya

Daraja a Musulunci ba ta la’akari da ƙabila ko asali.

Salman al-Farsi ya zama babban sahabi mai hikima da ilimi. Har ma Annabi ﷺ ya ce:

> “Salman yana daga cikin Ahlul-Bayt (iyalina).”